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Now I’d like to tell you about the World Health Organization (WHO). It began its activities in 1948. It is a specialized agency designed to further international cooperation for improved health conditions. The major function of the WHO is to establish measures for the control of epidemic diseases. This consists of mass campaigns promoted by WHO against communicable diseases. The major function of WHO is nursing concerned with maternal and child health. It also assists educational programmes for nurses and assistants. WHO is coordinating an international effort against Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) as well as the current threat of SARS.
Another medical organization is the Red Cross and Red Crescent. The Red Cross is an humanitarian agency with national affiliates in almost every country in the world. The Red Cross movement began in 1863. Its peacetime activities include first aid, accident prevention, water safety, training of nurses’ aids and mothers’ assistants and maintenance of maternal and child welfare centres, clinics, blood banks and numerous other services. The Red Cross is the name used in Christian countries; the Red Crescent is the name used in Muslim countries.
Greenpeace is an international nongovernmental organization dedicated to preserving endangered species of animals, preventing environmental abuses and taking care of wildlife. Greenpeace was founded in 1971 in Vancouver, Canada. It brought together people concerned with terrible abuses to the environment. The organization has a small staff and relies largely on voluntary staffing and funding. Greenpeace also campaigns:
– for stricter control over chemical waste disposal on land;
– to stop all nuclear weapons tests;
– to close down nuclear power stations and nuclear reprocessing plants;
– to stop acid rain and protect the atmosphere;
– to reduce the trade in endangered species products;
– to declare Antarctica a World Park – free of military and industrial exploitation, and so forth.
Today it is a global organization with national offices in 27 countries; one of them is in Russia (since 1992).
There are also youth organizations, because the main aim of society is to prepare young people for responsible roles in the adult world and to provide constructive outlets for energies of young people. Some organizations such as Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts or Guides, and Young Men’s Christian Association and Young Women’s Christian Associations, have spread all over the world. The Boy Scout movement was founded in Great Britain in 1908. In 1910 the Girl Scout movement was also founded in that country. There are about 1,300,000 boys and girls in them. The movement of the Boy Scouts has its aim to help a Scout (a boy from 8–18) to develop into a good man and a useful citizen. He must be able to handle sails, to use a compass, to lay and light a fire outdoors, he must know first aid and develop his interest in music, literature, drama, arts and films. A Scout is a friend to animals, he’s “clean in thought, word and deed”. He must obey the Scout Law.
As for me, I’m not a member of any organization. But if I had chance, I would become a Scout, because I like the aims of this organization and the ways they are achieved.
20. Growing up can cause problems. Do you have any problems with your friends, your parents and other people around you? How do you cope with these problems?
It’s hard not to see that teenagers nowadays have a lot of problems. One of the real problems is having no close friend. Several days ago I had a best friend, but now I don’t. My friend was much more to me than just a person with whom I communicated. We were as thick as thieves. We helped each other to survive and got along well. But some days ago we quarrelled, and now I’m at a loss what to do. Fortune turned its back on me and I feel very lonely. I can’t say that my parents don’t understand me, they try to support me; but I think only time can heal me. Some young people are just sure that their parents don’t want to understand them. It’s a very serious problem. I’m sure that this point of view is absolutely wrong.
Реферат опубликован: 13/08/2008